1/01/2009
Massage Type
Now, with a variety of methods and tools used, types of massage are known to have varied, ranging from gentle massage to massage hard that may not be desirable. If you're feeling sore and want to feel good massage, massage options can be tried from the traditional to the series of international massage from foreign countries such as
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Traditional Massage
Massage is best known in
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Sun Bed
Reflexology is the study of massage at points specific body. Science comes from
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Shiatsu
Shiatsu is a massage technique that originated in
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Hot Stone Massage
As the name hot stone massage or hot stone massage, this massage is used on volcanic rocks previously heated first. Then a hot stone was placed on the body for about 10 minutes to warm the stones missing. Massage therapist will not push your body hard and often. Only in the hands and feet. Placing the hot stones will cause widening of blood vessels that will make it easier to suck the toxins in the body. Hot stone will also make you feel relaxed.
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Swedish Massage
Swedish massage or Swedish massage was introduced by Per Henrik Ling in the early 19th century. This type of massage has been known in
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Thai Massage
Thai massage or Thai massage uses gentle body energy. The benefit is for relaxation and even able to excite their partners. Masseuse will perform a gentle motion like he was dancing. Masseuse will pull your body until you hear the sound of your muscles, even masseuses will also use leg muscles to increase flexibility.
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French Massage
Massage or massage french
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Hawaian Massage
You will be hard pressed with the massage. Massage using elbows to be strongly suppressed. Suitable for those who work and have been sore on the body.
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Health & Medicine
Law
Not long ago, precisely on 18 August, Indonesian society has just commemorate "Constitution Day" for the first time. Constitution Day Commemoration at least give the picture that the 1945 Constitution and the ideals of constitutionalism strengthened as a source of supreme law and the basic guidelines in the state of life.
Although the 1945 Constitution has been established 64 years ago, but the phase of life and awareness of constitutional citizen newly formed so rapidly within the last ten years. At least there are three factors that led to the mushrooming of constitutionalism in the midst of society. First, the form of implementation of the 1945 amendment that changed in 1999-2002; Second, the emergence of dozens of research institutions of the constitution; and Third, the touch of a court of judicial constitution (read: the Constitutional Court).
In the last context, Upendra Baxi said that the countries or post-socialist transition, such as Russia, Poland, and Hungary, they have succeeded in the spirit of its constitution Membumikan through judicial activism (judicial activism). Such activism was inspired by the philosophical meaning of a constitutional interpretation of the constitution rather than simply looking at catalogs of law rules, but rather as a statement of the principles of constitutional government must be executed.
Judicial activism itself is a court decision-making process through a different approach. This approach according to exceed Satyabrata long legal philosophy, because it is considered more modern and closer to real life people. Judicial activism is also understood as the dynamism of the judges who hold judicial power when making a decision without exceeding the limits of the constitution (SP Sathe, 2002).
In the meantime, significance and role of judges in managing the lives of the people have long echoed by Oliver Holmes and Roscoe Pound. In line with this, Benjamin Cordozo in his book "The Nature of the Judicial Process" argues that when the law lost his grip, so the judges can create law as a creative option through four methods of approach, namely the philosophical, historical, habits, and sociology. Such a view of the law Begawan in Indonesia known as a progressive law school (Satjipto Rahardjo, 2006).
Waves Pro-Cons
Today, judicial activism is growing fast in almost all countries of the world, not least in the countries that adopted civil law systems. However, the discourse of activism also helped birth the pros and cons among the elite, academics, practitioners, until the judge though. As a result, until the late 1990s have fragmented the three current main groups, namely: First, a group that tried to limit the space for judicial (judicial restraint); Second, the group looked at judicial activism as a sine non qou of court a free and independent; and Third , the moderate group who willed that judicial activism is limited to cases of selective and exclusive, especially regarding the protection of the weak or the minority.
Like a drug injection with the appropriate dose, judicial activism can be an appropriate step in maintaining the system of constitutional democracy. On the other hand, if too much of it has the potential to cause counter-productive. Herein lies the concern some who see judicial activism can be metamorphosed any adventure as a mere judicial (judicial adventurism) or the expansion of the judicial (judicial expansionism).
But in reality, the trend of judicial activism remains a color monitor and esential the wheels of government running. Thus, judicial activism and judicial self-restraint should not have placed as conflicting dogmas, because they are a crucial component in the functioning of the judicial power. Any unification of the law school of thought that vary, such as the flow of positivist, traditional, or progressive, should be maintained because it has more shall the value of each in the nuances of "battle" on the legal considerations when designing a court decision.
Practice Judicial Review
In a government that upholds the principles of democracy and nomokrasi under the umbrella of the constitution, the court is the guardian and protector of basic rights of citizens. Associated with it, the rule of law and judicial review of the basic features of a constitution which must be dilakoni. John Marshall was the first time practicing judicial activism as judicial review mechanism introduced in 1803 in the case of Marbury vs.. Madison by saying, "Our is a Government of laws and not of men". Activism is then kept rolling after the introduction of Hamilton and Jefferson's opinion in The Federalist (1837).
Until now, the practice of judicial review is often a touch of rampant judicial activism occurred in foreign countries, such as in the United States, Germany, Australia, India, Korea, and South Africa. For example, in the case of Brown vs.. Board of Education (1954), U.S. Supreme Court has changed the total direction of two previous decisions in the Dred Scott case (1857) and Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) by declaring that racial segregation in education to be unconstitutional. In exercising its functions, the judge is thinking natural adapt to social changes that continue to grow, so sometimes necessary penyampingan legal formalism and more consideration "requirement of constitutionalism" (Banerjea, 2002).
Meanwhile, conscious or not, Indonesia itself has practiced judicial activism when maintaining the principles and basic rights in the constitution. In the last five years, some of the decision of the Constitutional Court at least has demonstrated this tendency, which first began with the constitutional jurisprudence of the conditional (conditionally constitutional) of the Act SDA (2005), and four times to "constitutional pressure" (constitutional pressures) to fulfillment of obligations 20% budget for education (2005-2008), to declare a paradigm shift from procedural justice to substantive justice that became the basis of command and the vote counting re-election in East Java and some other areas (2009).
Activism will not be forgotten is the loading of the technical provisions in the verdict as a prerequisite for running the provisions of the law so as not to conflict with the constitution. This example can be found in a judicial review of decisions regarding permissibility of the use of ID card and procedures for calculating the second stage seats at the last election in 2009. It should be recognized that the technical decision was so impressed beyond authority possessed in the context of separation of powers. However, judicial activism is in fact welcomed and well received not only by individuals, academics, activists or the law, but also by the Government, Parliament, Political Parties, Elections Commission, National Human Rights Commission, and other institutions.
Thus, the Indonesian people so far can be said to accept the presence of judicial activism as an alternative solution when the law was put in the condition of constitutional protection vis-a-vis the absence or powerlessness of law rules (constitutional lawlessness). In the system of constitutional democracy, judicial review and judicial activism is believed to have become an integral part in the field of constitutional law. However, the excessive enthusiasm can lead to an unhealthy climate for the growth of democracy itself. To keep it, then the judicial activism should always be accompanied with a constructive academic kritisasi, so that the court will not lose its legitimacy.
Although the 1945 Constitution has been established 64 years ago, but the phase of life and awareness of constitutional citizen newly formed so rapidly within the last ten years. At least there are three factors that led to the mushrooming of constitutionalism in the midst of society. First, the form of implementation of the 1945 amendment that changed in 1999-2002; Second, the emergence of dozens of research institutions of the constitution; and Third, the touch of a court of judicial constitution (read: the Constitutional Court).
In the last context, Upendra Baxi said that the countries or post-socialist transition, such as Russia, Poland, and Hungary, they have succeeded in the spirit of its constitution Membumikan through judicial activism (judicial activism). Such activism was inspired by the philosophical meaning of a constitutional interpretation of the constitution rather than simply looking at catalogs of law rules, but rather as a statement of the principles of constitutional government must be executed.
Judicial activism itself is a court decision-making process through a different approach. This approach according to exceed Satyabrata long legal philosophy, because it is considered more modern and closer to real life people. Judicial activism is also understood as the dynamism of the judges who hold judicial power when making a decision without exceeding the limits of the constitution (SP Sathe, 2002).
In the meantime, significance and role of judges in managing the lives of the people have long echoed by Oliver Holmes and Roscoe Pound. In line with this, Benjamin Cordozo in his book "The Nature of the Judicial Process" argues that when the law lost his grip, so the judges can create law as a creative option through four methods of approach, namely the philosophical, historical, habits, and sociology. Such a view of the law Begawan in Indonesia known as a progressive law school (Satjipto Rahardjo, 2006).
Waves Pro-Cons
Today, judicial activism is growing fast in almost all countries of the world, not least in the countries that adopted civil law systems. However, the discourse of activism also helped birth the pros and cons among the elite, academics, practitioners, until the judge though. As a result, until the late 1990s have fragmented the three current main groups, namely: First, a group that tried to limit the space for judicial (judicial restraint); Second, the group looked at judicial activism as a sine non qou of court a free and independent; and Third , the moderate group who willed that judicial activism is limited to cases of selective and exclusive, especially regarding the protection of the weak or the minority.
Like a drug injection with the appropriate dose, judicial activism can be an appropriate step in maintaining the system of constitutional democracy. On the other hand, if too much of it has the potential to cause counter-productive. Herein lies the concern some who see judicial activism can be metamorphosed any adventure as a mere judicial (judicial adventurism) or the expansion of the judicial (judicial expansionism).
But in reality, the trend of judicial activism remains a color monitor and esential the wheels of government running. Thus, judicial activism and judicial self-restraint should not have placed as conflicting dogmas, because they are a crucial component in the functioning of the judicial power. Any unification of the law school of thought that vary, such as the flow of positivist, traditional, or progressive, should be maintained because it has more shall the value of each in the nuances of "battle" on the legal considerations when designing a court decision.
Practice Judicial Review
In a government that upholds the principles of democracy and nomokrasi under the umbrella of the constitution, the court is the guardian and protector of basic rights of citizens. Associated with it, the rule of law and judicial review of the basic features of a constitution which must be dilakoni. John Marshall was the first time practicing judicial activism as judicial review mechanism introduced in 1803 in the case of Marbury vs.. Madison by saying, "Our is a Government of laws and not of men". Activism is then kept rolling after the introduction of Hamilton and Jefferson's opinion in The Federalist (1837).
Until now, the practice of judicial review is often a touch of rampant judicial activism occurred in foreign countries, such as in the United States, Germany, Australia, India, Korea, and South Africa. For example, in the case of Brown vs.. Board of Education (1954), U.S. Supreme Court has changed the total direction of two previous decisions in the Dred Scott case (1857) and Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) by declaring that racial segregation in education to be unconstitutional. In exercising its functions, the judge is thinking natural adapt to social changes that continue to grow, so sometimes necessary penyampingan legal formalism and more consideration "requirement of constitutionalism" (Banerjea, 2002).
Meanwhile, conscious or not, Indonesia itself has practiced judicial activism when maintaining the principles and basic rights in the constitution. In the last five years, some of the decision of the Constitutional Court at least has demonstrated this tendency, which first began with the constitutional jurisprudence of the conditional (conditionally constitutional) of the Act SDA (2005), and four times to "constitutional pressure" (constitutional pressures) to fulfillment of obligations 20% budget for education (2005-2008), to declare a paradigm shift from procedural justice to substantive justice that became the basis of command and the vote counting re-election in East Java and some other areas (2009).
Activism will not be forgotten is the loading of the technical provisions in the verdict as a prerequisite for running the provisions of the law so as not to conflict with the constitution. This example can be found in a judicial review of decisions regarding permissibility of the use of ID card and procedures for calculating the second stage seats at the last election in 2009. It should be recognized that the technical decision was so impressed beyond authority possessed in the context of separation of powers. However, judicial activism is in fact welcomed and well received not only by individuals, academics, activists or the law, but also by the Government, Parliament, Political Parties, Elections Commission, National Human Rights Commission, and other institutions.
Thus, the Indonesian people so far can be said to accept the presence of judicial activism as an alternative solution when the law was put in the condition of constitutional protection vis-a-vis the absence or powerlessness of law rules (constitutional lawlessness). In the system of constitutional democracy, judicial review and judicial activism is believed to have become an integral part in the field of constitutional law. However, the excessive enthusiasm can lead to an unhealthy climate for the growth of democracy itself. To keep it, then the judicial activism should always be accompanied with a constructive academic kritisasi, so that the court will not lose its legitimacy.
Psychology
In terms of emotional intelligence Goleman seems to be aimed at efforts to identify, understand and realize the emotions in the right portion. Another thing that is important in emotional intelligence are attempts to manage emotions in order to control and can be used to solve the problems of life, especially related to human relations (Rostiana, 1997).Reuven Baron (in Coleman, 2000) argues that emotional intelligence is a set of personal abilities, emotional and social influence a person to succeed in overcoming obstacles and environmental pressures.
Shapiro (1999) emotional intelligence is related to many things that moral behavior, a realistic way of thinking, problem solving, social interaction, emotional self, and the success of both academic and professional. Secapramana (1999) suggests emotional intelligence is the ability to recognize, treat and control the emotions that one is able to respond positively to any conditions that stimulate the emergence of these emotions.
The conclusion that emotional intelligence is a person's ability to recognize, manage and control your emotions to yourself, understanding others' feelings, good relationships with others, solving problems, and think realistically, so they can respond positively to any conditions that stimulate the emergence these emotions.
Emotional intelligence is a new concept that until now there has been no standard definition explains. The study of the meaning of emotional intelligence are usually associated with a person's ability to use aspects of the mind and emotions to solve various problems of life (Seca Pramana, 1999).
Salovey and Mayer in 1990 explaining that the emotional qualities that are important to success, among them the empathy, to express and understand feelings, anger control, autonomy, personal problem-solving skills, perseverance, loyalty, kindness and respect (Shapiro, 1999).
Coleman (2000) imply that emotional intelligence is the ability to recognize feelings of self and feelings of others, the ability to motivate themselves and their ability to manage emotions well in ourselves in relation to others.
According to Shapiro (1999) emotional intelligence is related to many things that moral behavior, a realistic way of thinking, problem solving, social interaction, emotional self and success, both academic and professional.
Aspects of Emotional Intelligence
According to Salavey and Mayer, there are five aspects of emotional intelligence (in Coleman, 2000), namely:
a. Recognizing the emotional self, the core and foundation of emotional intelligence is the ability to monitor the feelings from time to time for self-understanding and the ability to recognize the feeling as the feeling that happens.
b. Recognizing the emotions themselves the ability to master his own feelings so that feeling can be expressed precisely. People are not able to manage his emotions will continue to regret the failure, while they are able to manage his emotions will soon rise from the failure that happened.
c. Motivating yourself is the ability to control and restraint of instant gratification for a greater purpose, more noble and more profitable.
d. Recognizing emotions in others, the ability to capture social signals are hidden, which suggests what is needed or desired by others.
e. Cultivate relationships with others is one's ability to form relationships, foster close relationships, persuade, influence and make other people uncomfortable, and can occur a good listener.
According to Goleman (2000) suggests that there are aspects of emotional intelligence are:
a. Self-awareness, ie a person's ability to know what he felt at one time and use it to guide the decision for themselves keptuusan.
b. Self-regulation is a person's ability to handle his own emotions so positive about the implementation berdapak task, sensitive to the liver, could delay the enjoyment before the achievement of a goal, and able to recover from emotional stress.
c. Self motivation, ability to use the deepest desire to move and guide toward the target, able to take initiative and act effectively and be able to survive the failure and frustration.
d. Empathy is the ability to feel what others feel, develop a relationship of trust and are able to align themselves with various types of people.
e. Social skills is the ability to control emotions well as social contact with carefully can interact smoothly, using these skills to influence, lead, consulting, solve problems and work with the team.
After reading a description of emotional intelligence over, would the reader will wonder how we can know a person's emotional intelligence? Not so difficult to find one's emotional intelligence, you can use the Emotional Intelligence Self-Evaluation (EISE) which is a psychological test instruments developed to measure emotional intelligence capacity.
Social & Politics
Social policy - it is the priorities and principles for the development of social sphere, mounted through a tripartite agreement between government, business, community organizations and professional groups.
In the present study, the term "social policy" often refers to the theme of socially responsible business.
Social responsibility of business - is a voluntary contribution of business to society in social, economic and environmental spheres, connected directly to the company's core operations, and beyond the statutorily prescribed minimum.
Socially responsible company - a company operating on the principles of social responsibility and carrying out a set of social programs in the priority areas for her. Today the company, the leading social programs in some areas and violate the law or civil law in the other, are ineffective social policy, because those programs that they conduct are aimed at the company's image, but can not save their reputation. The fact that the reputation and image - it distinct concepts: the reputation reflects the public's trust in the company (and therefore reputation either there or it is not). And the image of a carrier image, which can be either positive or negative, he formed the company.
Therefore, if social policy is aimed at the company's image, it does not mean that at the same time is the creation or maintenance of the company's reputation.
It is important to understand that social responsibility can not be declared if the company is responsible in one area and irresponsible to the other. Corporate Social Responsibility involves a complex responsibility, and not in separate directions.
There are corporate and external social policy business.
Intracorporate social policies of large and medium businesses have the answer to the needs of the company. Moreover, these internal driving force, are a complex fusion of the expectations of employees, the prevailing traditions and their willingness to defend its interests within the company.
Internal social policies of companies regarded their supervision as an important tool to build a competitive advantage in the market struggle. This is naturally reflected in its scale, which is higher the larger the company, with one hand. On the other, - in many respects the behavior of the company determines the position of the owner and pragmatic reasons, because sometimes the collective social investments in staff are more profitable than the practice of raising wages.
The scale and nature of intra-social policy is determined by several factors, such as:
• scale of business;
• the profitability of the enterprise and conjuncture of the market;
• The level of competition in the labor market, the need for retention and staff development;
• the need for business development;
• adherence to traditions;
• the economic profitability of the maintenance and development of social infrastructure, especially if its further commercialization;
• image politics;
• individual values of top managers and owners;
• pressure from the employees of the corporation.
External social policies of companies, in contrast to intra is under a somewhat different range of incentives:
• Striving to reduce social tensions;
• response to the expectations of society - "noblesse oblige";
• illegitimacy of privatization;
• establish a positive image;
• political participation;
• Pressure the authorities and parties;
• «factor Rossel;
• adherence to international models;
• the practice of "kickbacks".
Conducting business outside of social policy in the territory of its activity is determined by the influence of a complex set of political, economic and sociocultural factors. In this field of business is largely dependent on government than with the implementation of intra-social policy. Many external social projects it carries out for their own protection from the government of the impoverished population, who do not like the high incomes of those who work in the company. In this case, the business operates under great external pressure, although the incentives associated with the economic interests of obtaining tangible benefits, are also present.
Overall, however, businesses often can not see their interests in long-term social projects, although some large companies have realized the advantage of social policy and begin to seek forms of long-term partnership in its implementation. But this process is still slow and difficult.
